References
- Alzheimer's Association. 2013 Alzheimer's disease facts and figures [fact sheet]. http://www.alz.org/documents_custom/2013_facts_figures_fact_sheet.pdf. Published March 2013. Accessed August 21, 2013.
- Axona [prescribing information]. Broomfield, CO: Accera, Inc.; November 2012.
- Corder EH, Jelic V, Basun H, et al. No difference in cerebral glucose metabolism in patients with Alzheimer disease and differing apolipoprotein E genotypes. Arch Neurol. 1997;54(3):273-277.
- Costantini LC, Barr LJ, Vogel JL, Henderson ST. Hypometabolism as a therapeutic target in Alzheimer's disease. BMC Neurosci. 2008;9(Suppl 2):S16.
- Cunnane S, Nugent S, Roy M, et al. Brain fuel metabolism, aging, and Alzheimer's disease. Nutrition. 2011;27(1):3-20.
- de Leon MJ, Ferris SH, George AE, et al. Positron emission tomographic studies of aging and Alzheimer disease. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 1983;4(3):568-571.
- De Santi S, de Leon MJ, Rusinek H, et al. Hippocampal formation glucose metabolism and volume losses in MCI and AD. Neurobiol Aging. 2001;22(4):529-539.
- Gordon N. Medium-chain triglycerides in a ketogenic diet. Dev Med Child Neurol. 1977;19(4):535-538.
- Henderson ST. Ketone bodies as a therapeutic for Alzheimer's disease. Neurotherapeutics. 2008;5(3):470-480.
- Henderson ST, Vogel JL, Barr LJ, et al. Study of the ketogenic agent AC-1202 in mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter trial. Nutr Metab (Lond). 2009;6:31.
- Huttenlocher P, Wilbourn A, Signore J. Medium-chain triglycerides as a therapy for intractable childhood epilepsy. Neurology. 1971;21(11):1097-1103.
- Kashiwaya Y, Takeshima T, Mori N, et al. D-β-Hydroxybutyrate protects neurons in models of Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2000;97(10):5440-5444.
- Klepper J, Voit T. Facilitated glucose transporter protein type 1 (GLUT1) deficiency syndrome: impaired glucose transport into brain – a review. Eur J Pediatr. 2002;161(6):295-304.
- Kossoff E. History of the diet and its side effects. http://www.epilepsy.com/epilepsy/keto_news_november07? Submitted October 30, 2007. Accessed August 21, 2013.
- Meier-Ruge W, Bertoni-Freddari C, Iwangoff P. Changes in brain glucose metabolism as a key to the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. Gerontology. 1994;40(5):246-252.
- Mosconi L. Brain glucose metabolism in the early and specific diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease. FDG-PET studies in MCI and AD. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2005;32(4):486-510.
- Mosconi L, Brys M, Glodzik-Sobanska L, et al. Early detection of Alzheimer's disease using neuroimaging. Exp Gerontol. 2007;42(1-2):129-138.
- National Institute on Aging. Alzheimer's disease [fact sheet]. http://www.nia.nih.gov/sites/default/files/alzheimers_disease_fact_sheet_0.pdf. Reprinted September 2012. Accessed August 21, 2013.
- National Institute on Aging. Alzheimer's disease genetics [fact sheet]. http://www.nia.nih.gov/sites/default/files/alzheimers_disease_genetics_fact_sheet.pdf. Published June 2011. Accessed August 21, 2013.
- National Institute on Aging. Alzheimer's disease medications [fact sheet]. http://www.nia.nih.gov/sites/default/files/alzheimers_disease_medications_fact_sheet_1.pdf. Updated November 2012. Accessed August 21, 2013.
- Nestor PJ, Fryer TD, Smielewski P, Hodges JR. Limbic hypometabolism in Alzheimer's disease and mild cognitive impairment. Ann Neurol. 2003;54(3):343-351.
- Ouchi Y, Nobezawa S, Okada H, et al. Altered glucose metabolism in the hippocampal head in memory impairment. Neurology. 1998;51(1):136-142.
- Peterman MG. The ketogenic diet in the treatment of epilepsy: a preliminary report. Am J Dis Child. 1924;28(1):28-33.
- Prins ML. Cerebral metabolic adaptation and ketone metabolism after brain injury. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 2008;28(1):1-16.
- Reger MA, Henderson ST, Hale C, et al. Effects of β-hydroxybutyrate on cognition in memory-impaired adults. Neurobiol Aging. 2004;25(3):311-314.
- Reiman EM, Caselli RJ, Yun LS, et al. Preclinical evidence of Alzheimer's disease in persons homozygous for the ε4 allele for apolipoprotein E. N Engl J Med. 1996;334(12):752-758.
- Reiman EM, Chen K, Alexander GE, et al. Functional brain abnormalities in young adults at genetic risk for late-onset Alzheimer's dementia. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2004;101(1):284-289.
- Shoghi-Jadid K, Small GW, Agdeppa ED, et al. Localization of neurofibrillary tangles and beta-amyloid plaques in the brains of living patients with Alzheimer disease. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2002;10(1):24-35.
- Van der Auwera I, Wera S, Van Leuven F, Henderson ST. A ketogenic diet reduces amyloid beta 40 and 42 in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Nutr Metab (Lond). 2005;2:28.
- VanItallie TB, Nufert TH. Ketones: metabolism's ugly duckling. Nutr Rev. 2003;61(10):327-341.
- Wexler ID, Hemalatha SG, McConnell J, et al. Outcome of pyruvate dehydrogenase deficiency treated with ketogenic diets. Studies in patients with identical mutations. Neurology. 1997;49(6):1655-1661.